I've run into a similar situation with trying to install Version 1511 on my desktop computer. I get the error message "0xc1900101-0x30018 The installation failed in the First_Boot phase with an error during SYSPREP operation".
From everything that I've read, this is a driver issue. The update aborts around the 32% mark and then restores the original Windows 10 installation. I have tried every suggestion that I can find (including a clean boot, disconnecting from the internet when installing, installing from the media creation tool, etc., etc., etc.). What I cannot understand is the fact that originally, the upgrade adviser indicated that my system was compatible with Windows 10 and proceeded to install Windows 10 (the original version). Since that time, the only things that have changed are security updates and drivers which Windows 10 insisted on installing (in particular an NVidia driver). For the present, I've given up trying to install 1511. I'm not the only one with this problem and perhaps MS is working on a solution. Until (or if) that happens, I'll have to be content with Build 10240.
My other 2 machines have updated with absolutely no issues.
![Scratch :scratch:](./images/smilies/scratch.gif)