IIRC there is a modulus function that will return remainders; thus a formula that operates on cell A2 (for example) with =MOD(A2/12) will return a zero if the A2 value contains a factor of 12 but will return the inches and fraction thereof (depending or formatting chosen for cell containing the formula), but it does not return the number of factors of 12 (ie, feet) contained in A2.
I cannot think of a way to get both results displayed in a single column with but one formula. Obviously, I could round the result of division by 12 in a cell and determine the modulus in a cell below it and